I-Cesium iyisici sensimbi esiyivelakancane nesibalulekile, futhi i-China ibhekene nezinselele ezivela e-Canada nase-United States mayelana namalungelo okumba emayini ye-cesium enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-Tanko Mine.I-Cesium idlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo kumawashi e-athomu, amaseli elanga, imithi, ukumba uwoyela, njll. Futhi iyiminerali yamasu ngoba ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izikhali zenuzi nemicibisholo.
Izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-cesium.
Cesiumiyingxenye yensimbi eyivelakancane eyivelakancane, okuqukethwe emvelweni kungu-3ppm kuphela, futhi ingenye yezinto ezinokuqukethwe kwensimbi ye-alkali ephansi kakhulu oqweqweni lomhlaba.I-Cesium inezinto eziningi ezihlukile zomzimba namakhemikhali ezifana nokuhamba kukagesi okuphezulu kakhulu, indawo encibilikayo ephansi kakhulu nokumunca okuqinile kokukhanya, okuyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Kwezokuxhumana, i-cesium isetshenziselwa ukwenza izintambo ze-fiber optic, i-photodetectors, ama-laser namanye amadivaysi ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini kanye nekhwalithi yokudluliswa kwesignali.I-Cesium iphinde ibe yinto ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-5G ngoba ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuvumelanisa isikhathi sokunemba okuphezulu.
Emkhakheni wamandla, i-cesium ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amaseli elanga, amajeneretha e-ferrofluid, izinjini ze-ion propulsion kanye namanye amadivayisi amasha wamandla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguqulwa kwamandla nokusebenzisa kahle.I-Cesium iphinde ibe yinto ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-aerospace njengoba isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuzulazula zesathelayithi, amadivaysi e-imaging okubuka ebusuku kanye nezokuxhumana ngamafu e-ion.
Kwezokwelapha, i-cesium ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izidakamizwa ezinjengamaphilisi okulala, ama-sedative, izidakamizwa ze-antiepileptic, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwesimiso sezinzwa zomuntu.I-Cesium iphinde isetshenziswe ekwelapheni ngemisebe, njengokwelashwa komdlavuza, njengomdlavuza wendlala yesinye.
Embonini yamakhemikhali, i-cesium ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-catalyst, ama-reagents amakhemikhali, ama-electrolyte neminye imikhiqizo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga nokusebenza kahle kokusabela kwamakhemikhali.I-Cesium iphinde ibe yinto ebalulekile ekubholeni uwoyela ngoba ingasetshenziswa ukwenza uketshezi lokumba olunomthamo omkhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokusebenza kahle koketshezi lokumba.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ze-cesium zomhlaba jikelele.Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-cesium kusekuthuthukisweni kwamafutha negesi yemvelo.Izinhlanganisela zayo ze-cesium formate kanyei-cesium carbonateuketshezi lokumba olunomthamo omkhulu, olungathuthukisa ukuzinza nokusebenza kahle koketshezi lokumba futhi kuvimbele ukubhidlika kodonga lwemithombo nokuvuza kwegesi.
Iminable cesium garnet deposits itholakala ezindaweni ezintathu kuphela emhlabeni: imayini yeTanco eCanada, imayini yaseBikita eZimbabwe kanye nemayini yaseSinclair e-Australia.Phakathi kwazo, indawo yezimayini ye-Tanco iyimayini ye-cesium garnet enkulu kunazo zonke etholwe kuze kube manje, ibalwa ku-80% wezinqolobane zomhlaba ze-cesium garnet, kanti isilinganiso sebanga le-cesium oxide singama-23.3%.Amabanga e-Cesium oxide alinganiselwa ku-11.5% kanye no-17% ezimayini zaseBikita naseSinclair, ngokulandelana.Lezi zindawo ezintathu zezimayini ziyi-lithium cesium tantalum (LCT) ejwayelekile yediphozithi ye-pegmatite, ecebile nge-cesium garnet, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wokukhipha i-cesium.
Izinhlelo zokuthengwa kwe-China nokwandisa izimayini ze-Tanco.
Izwe laseMelika lihamba phambili emhlabeni ngokuthenga i-cesium, lilinganiselwa ku-40%, lilandelwa yiChina.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokubusa kweShayina ezimayini ze-cesium kanye nokucwengwa, cishe zonke izimayini ezinkulu ezintathu zidluliselwe eShayina.
Ngaphambilini, ngemuva kokuba inkampani yaseShayina ithole imayini ye-Tanko enkampanini yaseMelika futhi yaqala kabusha ukukhiqiza ngo-2020, yaphinde yabhalisela ingxenye engu-5.72% ku-PWM futhi yathola ilungelo lokuthola yonke imikhiqizo ye-lithium, cesium kanye ne-tantalum yephrojekthi ye-Case Lake.Kodwa-ke, iCanada ngonyaka odlule idinga izinkampani ezintathu ze-lithium zaseShayina ukuthi zithengise noma zihoxise izigxobo zazo ezinkampanini zezimayini ze-lithium zaseCanada zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-90, echaza izizathu zokuphepha kazwelonke.
Ngaphambilini, i-Australia yayinqabile uhlelo lwenkampani yaseShayina lokuthola ingxenye engu-15% eLynas, umkhiqizi omkhulu womhlaba ongavamile wase-Australia.Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza umhlaba ongavamile, i-Australia inelungelo lokuthuthukisa imayini ye-Sinclair.Nokho, i-cesium garnet eyakhiwe esigabeni sokuqala semayini yase-Sinclair yatholwa inkampani yangaphandle i-CabotSF etholwe yinkampani yaseShayina.
Indawo yezimayini yase-Bikita iyidiphozithi ye-lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatite enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika futhi inezinqolobane zemithombo ye-cesium garnet yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, enesilinganiso sebanga le-cesium oxide esingu-11.5%.Inkampani yaseShayina ithenge amaphesenti angu-51 amasheya emayini enkampanini yase-Australia ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-165 futhi ihlela ukwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza we-lithium concentrate ibe amathani angu-180,000 ngonyaka eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukubamba iqhaza nokuncintisana kwaseCanada nase-US Emayini ye-Tanco
Kokubili iCanada ne-United States bangamalungu e-“Five Eyes Alliance” futhi banobudlelwano obuseduze bezombangazwe nezempi.Ngakho-ke, i-United States ingalawula ukuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke kwezinsiza ze-cesium noma ingenele ngokusebenzisana nabalingani bayo, ibeke usongo lwamasu e-China.
Uhulumeni waseCanada ufake i-cesium ohlwini lwezimbiwa ezibalulekile futhi wethule uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zenqubomgomo ukuvikela nokuthuthukisa izimboni zasekhaya.Isibonelo, ngo-2019, iCanada ne-United States zasayina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana sezimayini esikhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubambisana phakathi kwala mazwe womabili mayelana nokuphepha nokuthembeka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezimbiwa njenge-cesium.Ngo-2020, iCanada ne-Australia zasayina isivumelwano esifanayo sokulwa ngokuhlanganyela ithonya leChina emakethe yezimbiwa zomhlaba.I-Canada futhi isekela izinkampani zendawo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-cesium ore kanye nokucubungula ezifana ne-PWM ne-Cabot ngokutshala izimali, izibonelelo kanye nezibonelelo zentela.
Njengomthengi omkhulu we-cesium emhlabeni, i-United States nayo ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu kunani lesu kanye nokuvikeleka kokuhlinzekwa kwe-cesium.Ngonyaka wezi-2018, i-United States yaqoka i-cesium njengenye yezimbiwa ezibalulekile ezingama-35, futhi yahlanganisa umbiko wamasu mayelana namaminerali abalulekile, iphakamisa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwe-cesium namanye amaminerali.
Isakhiwo kanye nenkinga yezinye izinsiza ze-cesium e-China.
Ngaphezu kwemayini yaseVikita, iChina iphinde ibheke amathuba okuthola izinsiza ze-cesium kwezinye izifunda.Isibonelo, ngo-2019, inkampani yaseShayina yasayina isivumelwano sokubambisana nenkampani yasePeruvia ukuthuthukisa ngokubambisana iphrojekthi yechibi likasawoti eningizimu yePeru equkethe izinto ezifana ne-lithium, i-potassium, i-boron, i-magnesium, i-strontium, i-calcium, i-sodium, ne-cesium oxide.Kulindeleke ukuthi kube indawo yesibili ngobukhulu yokukhiqiza i-lithium eNingizimu Melika.
I-China ibhekene nobunzima nezinselelo eziningi ekwabiweni kwezinsiza ze-cesium emhlabeni jikelele.
Okokuqala, izinsiza ze-cesium zomhlaba ziyindlala kakhulu futhi zihlakazekile, futhi kunzima eChina ukuthola amadiphozithi e-cesium amakhulu, asezingeni eliphezulu, nangabizi kakhulu.Okwesibili, umncintiswano womhlaba wonke wezimbiwa ezibalulekile ezifana ne-cesium uya ngokuya ushuba, futhi iChina ingase ibhekane nokugxambukela kwezombusazwe nezomnotho kanye nezithiyo ezivela eCanada, e-Australia nakwamanye amazwe ukubuyekezwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemikhawulo ezinkampanini zaseShayina.Okwesithathu, ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha nokucubungula i-cesium buyinkimbinkimbi futhi bubiza kakhulu.I-China Isabela Kanjani Empini Ebucayi Yezimbiwa?
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kuzwelonke kanye nezintshisakalo zezomnotho ezizindaweni ezibalulekile zezimbiwa zase-China, uhulumeni wase-China uhlela ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo zokulwa ezisebenzayo ezilandelayo:
Qinisa ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza ze-cesium emhlabeni, thola amadiphozithi amasha e-cesium, futhi uthuthukise ukuzimela nokuhlukahluka kwezinsiza ze-cesium.
Qinisa ukugaywa kabusha kwe-cesium, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-cesium kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza, futhi unciphise imfucuza ye-cesium kanye nokungcola.
Qinisa ucwaningo lwesayensi ye-cesium kanye nokusungula, thuthukisa ezinye izinto ze-cesium noma ubuchwepheshe, futhi unciphise ukuncika kwe-cesium nokusetshenziswa.
Qinisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhwebelana nge-cesium, ukusungula indlela yokuhweba eqinile nengenzeleli ye-cesium kanye nendlela yokutshala izimali namazwe afanelekile, futhi ugcine ukuhleleka okunempilo kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-cesium.