Ngokuthandwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri wamandla amasha afana namabhethri e-lithium manganate, izinto zawo ezinhle ezisuselwe ku-manganese zidonse ukunaka okukhulu.Ngokusekelwe kudatha efanele, umnyango wocwaningo lwemakethe we-UrbanMines Tech.I-Co., Ltd. ifinyeze isimo sokuthuthuka semboni ye-manganese yase-China ukuze ibhekisele kumakhasimende ethu.
1. Ukunikezwa kweManganese: Ukuphela kwensimbi kuncike ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, futhi amandla okukhiqiza imikhiqizo egayiwe agxile kakhulu.
1.1 Uchungechunge lwemboni yeManganese
Imikhiqizo ye-Manganese inothile ngezinhlobonhlobo, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni insimbi, futhi inamandla amakhulu ekukhiqizeni amabhethri.Insimbi yeManganese imhlophe qhwa, iqinile futhi iyashwabana.Isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-deoxidizer, i-desulfurizer kanye ne-alloying element kunqubo yokwenza insimbi.I-silicon-manganese alloy, i-medium-low carbon ferromanganese kanye ne-high-carbon ferromanganese yimikhiqizo eyinhloko yabathengi ye-manganese.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-manganese iphinde isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izinto ze-ternary cathode kanye nezinto ze-lithium manganenate cathode, okuyizindawo zokufaka isicelo ezinamandla amakhulu okukhula kwesikhathi esizayo.I-Manganese ore isetshenziswa kakhulu nge-metallurgical manganese kanye ne-chemical manganese.1) Enhla nomfula: Ukumbiwa kwensimbi nokugqoka.Izinhlobo ze-Manganese ore zihlanganisa i-manganese oxide ore, i-manganese carbonate ore, njll. 2) Ukucubungula okuphakathi nendawo: Kungahlukaniswa izinkomba ezimbili ezinkulu: indlela yobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali kanye nendlela ye-metallurgical.Imikhiqizo efana ne-manganese dioxide, i-metallic manganese, i-ferromanganese ne-silicomanganese icutshungulwa ngokucwiliswa kwe-sulfuric acid noma ukunciphisa isithando somlilo sikagesi.I-3) Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwela phansi: Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezansi zimboza ama-alloys ensimbi, ama-cathodes ebhethri, ama-catalysts, imithi kanye nezinye izinkambu.
1.2 I-Manganese ore: izinsiza zekhwalithi ephezulu zigxilwe phesheya kwezilwandle, futhi i-China ithembele ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe
Insimbi yomhlaba wonke ye-manganese igxile eNingizimu Afrika, eShayina, e-Australia naseBrazil, kanti izinqolobane ze-manganese zaseChina zikleliswe endaweni yesibili emhlabeni.Imithombo yomhlaba wonke ye-manganese ore miningi, kodwa asatshalaliswa ngokungalingani.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Wind, kusukela ngoDisemba 2022, izinqolobane ze-manganese ore ezifakazelwe emhlabeni zingamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.7, u-37.6% wazo useNingizimu Afrika, u-15.9% eBrazil, u-15.9% e-Australia, no-8.2% e-Ukraine.Ngo-2022, imithombo ye-manganese ore yaseChina izoba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-280, okuzobalelwa ku-16.5% wengqikithi yomhlaba, kanti imithombo yayo izokleliswa endaweni yesibili emhlabeni.
Amabanga wemithombo yomhlaba wonke ye-manganese ore ayahluka kakhulu, futhi izinsiza zekhwalithi ephezulu zigxile phesheya kwezilwandle.Insimbi enothe ngeManganese (equkethe ngaphezu kuka-30% we-manganese) igxile eNingizimu Afrika, eGabon, e-Australia naseBrazil.Izinga le-manganese ore liphakathi kuka-40-50%, kanti izinqolobane zenza ngaphezu kwama-70% ezinqolobane zomhlaba.I-China ne-Ukraine ikakhulukazi ithembele kumithombo yensimbi ye-manganese yezinga eliphansi.Ikakhulukazi, okuqukethwe kwe-manganese ngokuvamile kungaphansi kuka-30%, futhi kudinga ukucutshungulwa ngaphambi kokuthi kusetshenziswe.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu be-manganese ore emhlabeni yiNingizimu Afrika, iGabon ne-Australia, kanti i-China yenza u-6%.Ngokomoya, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese ore emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-20, ukwehla konyaka ngonyaka ngo-0.5%, nama-akhawunti aphesheya kwezilwandle angaphezulu kuka-90%.Phakathi kwazo, ukukhiqizwa kweNingizimu Afrika, Gabon ne-Australia yizigidi ezingu-7.2, 4.6 million kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.3 ngokulandelana.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese ore yaseChina ngamathani angama-990,000.Ibalelwa ku-5% kuphela wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-manganese ore e-China akulingani, ikakhulukazi kugxilwe e-Guangxi, e-Guizhou nakwezinye izindawo.Ngokocwaningo Lwezinsiza Zensimbi Ye-Manganese YaseChina Nezinkinga Zokuphepha Ze-Industrial Chain (Ren Hui et al.), insimbi ye-manganese yaseChina ngokuyinhloko insimbi ye-manganese carbonate, enamanani amancane e-manganese oxide ores nezinye izinhlobo zensimbi.NgokoMnyango Wezemvelo, imithombo yemithombo ye-manganese ore yaseChina ngo-2022 ingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-280.Isifunda esinemithombo ephakeme kakhulu ye-manganese ore i-Guangxi, enezinqolobane zamathani ayizigidi eziyi-120, ezibalelwa ku-43% wemithombo yezwe;kulandele iGuizhou, enezigodlo zamathani ayizigidi ezingama-50, ezibalelwa ku-43% weziqiwu zezwe.18%.
Idiphozithi ye-manganese yaseChina incane ngesilinganiso futhi isezingeni eliphansi.Kunezimayini ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-manganese e-China, futhi eziningi zazo zingama-ore angenalutho.Ngokocwaningo Lwezinsiza Zensimbi Yensimbi YaseChina Nezindaba Zokuphepha Ze-Industrial Chain” (Ren Hui et al.), isilinganiso sebanga le-manganese ore e-China cishe singama-22%, okuyizinga eliphansi.Cishe awekho amatshe ensimbi anothile e-manganese ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi insimbi yezinga eliphansi lean idinga Ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokuthuthukisa izinga ngokucubungula amaminerali.
Ukuncika kwe-manganese ore yaseShayina kwamanye amazwe kuncike ku-95%.Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lemithombo yensimbi ye-manganese yaseChina, ukungcola okuphezulu, izindleko eziphakeme zezimayini, nokulawulwa okuqinile kokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo embonini yezimayini, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese ore yaseChina bekwehla unyaka nonyaka.Ngokolwazi oluvela ku-US Geological Survey, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese ore yaseChina behlile kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule.Ukukhiqizwa kwehle kakhulu kusukela ku-2016 kuya ku-2018 kanye no-2021. Ukukhiqizwa konyaka kwamanje kungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.I-China ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwe-manganese ore, futhi ukuncika kwayo ngaphandle kube ngaphezu kwama-95% kule minyaka emihlanu edlule.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Wind, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese ore yaseChina kuzoba amathani angu-990,000 ngo-2022, kanti ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-29.89, kanti ukuthembela kwamanye amazwe kuzofika ku-96.8%.
1.3 I-electrolytic manganese: I-China yenza u-98% wokukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele kanye namandla okukhiqiza agxilile
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese yaseChina kugxile ezifundazweni ezimaphakathi nasentshonalanga.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese yaseShayina kugxile kakhulu eNingxia, Guangxi, Hunan naseGuizhou, okubalelwa ku-31%, 21%, 20% no-12% ngokulandelana.Ngokomkhakha Wensimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese yaseShayina kubala u-98% wokukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese yomhlaba wonke futhi ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni we-electrolytic manganese.
Imboni ye-electrolytic manganese yaseChina igxilise umthamo wokukhiqiza, amandla okukhiqiza e-Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry afinyelela ku-33% wesamba sezwe lonke.Ngokuka-Baichuan Yingfu, kusukela ngo-June 2023, amandla okukhiqiza e-electrolytic manganese e-China afinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.455.Izinkampani eziyishumi ezihamba phambili yiNingxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry, Southern Manganese Group, Tianxiong Technology, njll., enamandla okukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.71, okwenza izwe libe namandla okukhiqiza angama-70%.Phakathi kwazo, i-Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese Industry inamandla okukhiqiza onyaka angamathani angu-800,000, okubalelwa ku-33% yenani lokukhiqiza eliphelele lezwe.
Ethintwa izinqubomgomo zezimboni kanye nokushoda kwamandla,i-electrolytic manganeseukukhiqizwa kwehlile eminyakeni yamuva.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokwethulwa komgomo waseChina “wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili”, izinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo ziye zaba lukhuni, isivinini sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni siye sakhula, umthamo wokukhiqiza ohlehlayo usuphelile, amandla amasha okukhiqiza alawulwa ngokuqinile, nezici ezifana namandla. imikhawulo kwezinye izindawo inokukhiqiza okulinganiselwe, umphumela ngo-2021 wehlile.NgoJulayi 2022, iKomidi Elikhethekile leManganese le-China Ferroalloy Industry Association lakhipha isiphakamiso sokunciphisa nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-60%.Ngo-2022, ukuphuma kwe-electrolytic manganese yaseChina kwehle kwafinyelela kumathani angama-852,000 (yoy-34.7%).Ngomhla zingama-22 kuMfumfu, i-Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation Working Committee ye-China Mining Association yaphakamisa umgomo wokumisa konke ukukhiqizwa ngoJanuwari 2023 kanye no-50% wokukhiqiza kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuDisemba.NgoNovemba 22, i-Electrolytic Manganese Metal Innovation Working Committee ye-China Mining Association yancoma ukuthi amabhizinisi Sizoqhubeka nokumisa ukukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa, futhi sihlele ukukhiqizwa ku-60% wamandla okukhiqiza.Silindele ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-electrolytic manganese ngeke kukhuphuke kakhulu ngo-2023.
Izinga lokusebenza lihlala licishe libe ku-50%, futhi izinga lokusebenza lizoguquguquka kakhulu ngo-2022. Ngokuthintwa uhlelo lomfelandawonye ngo-2022, izinga lokusebenza lezinkampani ze-electrolytic manganese zaseChina lizoguquguquka kakhulu, ngesilinganiso sokusebenza konyaka sibe ngu-33.5% .Ukumiswa nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwenziwa ngekota yokuqala ka-2022, futhi amanani okusebenza ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi ayengu-7% kanye no-10.5%.Ngemva kokuba umfelandawonye ubambe umhlangano ekupheleni kukaJulayi, amafekthri akulo mfelandawonye anciphisa noma amisa ukukhiqiza, kanti amanani okusebenza ngo-August, September no-October ayengaphansi kwama-30%.
1.4 I-Manganese dioxide: Iqhutshwa yi-lithium manganate, ukukhula kokukhiqiza kuyashesha futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza uyagxila.
Iqhutshwa isidingo sezinto zokwakha ze-lithium manganate, zaseChinai-electrolytic manganese dioxideukukhiqizwa kwenyuke kakhulu.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yesidingo sezinto zokwakha ze-lithium manganate, isidingo se-lithium manganate electrolytic manganese dioxide sikhule kakhulu, futhi ukukhiqizwa kweChina kuye kwanda kamuva.Ngokusho "kokubukezwa okufushane kwe-Global Manganese Ore kanye nokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo weManganese waseChina ngo-2020" (Qin Deliang), ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseChina ngo-2020 bekungamathani angama-351,000, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-14.3%.Ngo-2022, ezinye izinkampani zizomisa ukukhiqizwa ukuze zilungiswe, futhi ukukhishwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide kuzokwehla.Ngokwemininingwane evela e-Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Network, ukuphuma kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseChina ngo-2022 kuzoba amathani angama-268,000.
Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-electrolytic manganese dioxide waseChina ugxile eGuangxi, eHunan naseGuizhou.I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni we-electrolytic manganese dioxide.Ngokusho kwe-Huajing Industrial Research Institute, ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide yase-China kubalele cishe u-73% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke ngo-2018. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide yase-China kugxile kakhulu e-Guangxi, e-Hunan nase-Guizhou, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-Guangxi kubala ingxenye enkulu kakhulu.Ngokusho kwe-Huajing Industrial Research Institute, ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic manganese dioxide yaseGuangxi kubalele u-74.4% womkhiqizo kazwelonke ngo-2020.
1.5 I-Manganese sulfate: ukuhlomula ekukhuleni kwamandla ebhethri namandla okukhiqiza agxilile
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese sulfate yaseShayina kwenza cishe u-66% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, umthamo wokukhiqiza ugxile e-Guangxi.Ngokusho kwe-QYResearch, i-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ethenga i-manganese sulfate.Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese sulfate yaseShayina kwaba cishe ku-66% wengqikithi yomhlaba wonke;Sekukonke ukuthengiswa kwe-manganese sulfate emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021 kwakucishe kube amathani angama-550,000, lapho i-manganese sulfate yezinga lebhethri ibalelwa ku-41%.Isamba sokuthengiswa kwe-manganese sulfate emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi sibe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.54 ngo-2027, lapho i-manganese sulfate yezinga lebhethri ibalelwa cishe ku-73%.Ngokusho "kokubukezwa okufushane kwe-Global Manganese Ore kanye nokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo weManganese waseChina ngo-2020" (Qin Deliang), ukukhiqizwa kwe-manganese sulfate yaseChina ngo-2020 bekungamathani angama-479,000, ikakhulukazi e-Guangxi, okubalelwa ku-31.7%.
Ngokusho kuka-Baichuan Yingfu, umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza we-manganese sulfate wonyaka we-high-purity manganese sulfate uzoba amathani angu-500,000 ngo-2022. Umthamo wokukhiqiza ugxilile, i-CR3 ingu-60%, kanti okukhiphayo kungamathani angu-278,000.Kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza uzoba amathani angu-310,000 (Imboni ye-Tianyuan Manganese amathani angu-300,000 + amathani we-Nanhai Chemical 10,000).
2. Isidingo se-manganese: Inqubo yokwenziwa kwezimboni iyakhula ngesivinini, futhi umnikelo wezinto ze-cathode ezenziwe nge-manganese uyakhula.
2.1 Isidingo sendabuko: I-90% iyinsimbi, okulindeleke ukuthi ihlale izinzile
Imboni yensimbi yenza u-90% wesidingo esingezansi se-manganese ore, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuyakhula.Ngokombiko we-IMnI EPD Conference Annual Report (2022)”, insimbi ye-manganese isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yensimbi, ngaphezu kuka-90% wensimbi ye-manganese isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ingxubevange ye-silicon-manganese kanye ne-ferroalloy ye-manganese, kanye nensimbi ye-manganese esele. isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-electrolytic manganese dioxide kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-manganese sulfate kweminye imikhiqizo.Ngokuka-Baichuan Yingfu, izimboni ezansi nomfula ze-manganese ore ziyingxubevange ye-manganese, i-electrolytic manganese, kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-manganese.Phakathi kwazo, i-60% -80% yensimbi ye-manganese isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-alloys e-manganese (yensimbi nokusakazwa, njll.), kanti u-20% wama-manganese ore asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni.I-electrolytic manganese (esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza insimbi engagqwali, ama-alloys, njll.), 5-10% isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-manganese compounds (asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ze-ternary, izinto kazibuthe, njll.)
IManganese yensimbi engahluziwe: Isidingo emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi sibe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20.66 eminyakeni engama-25.Ngokusho kwe-International Manganese Association, i-manganese isetshenziswa njengesengezo se-desulfurizer kanye ne-alloy ngendlela ye-high-carbon, medium-carbon noma low-carbon iron-manganese kanye ne-silicon-manganese ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe.Ingavimbela i-oxidation eyedlulele phakathi nenqubo yokucwenga futhi igweme ukuqhekeka kanye ne-brittleness.Ithuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, ubulukhuni kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi.Okuqukethwe kwe-manganese yensimbi ekhethekile kuphakeme kunaleyo yensimbi ye-carbon.Isilinganiso somhlaba wonke se-manganese okuqukethwe kwensimbi engahluziwe kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ngu-1.1%.Kusukela ngowezi-2021, iKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye neminye iminyango izoqhuba umsebenzi kazwelonke wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe, futhi izoqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe ngowezi-2022, kube nemiphumela emangalisayo.Kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe kuzwelonke kuzokwehla kusuka kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.065 kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.013.Kulindeleke ukuthi esikhathini esizayo iShayina kanye nokuphuma kwensimbi engahluziwe emhlabeni kusalokhu kungashintshile.
2.2 Isidingo sebhethri: umnikelo okhuphukayo wezinto zokwakha ze-cathode ezisekelwe ku-manganese
Amabhethri e-lithium manganese oxide asetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yedijithali, imakethe yamandla amancane kanye nemakethe yezimoto zabagibeli.Zinokusebenza kokuphepha okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa zinenani eliphansi lamandla nokusebenza komjikelezo.Ngokusho kwe-Xinchen Information, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwe-lithium manganate cathode yaseChina kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021 kwakungamathani angu-7.5/9.1/102,000 ngokulandelana, kanye namathani angu-66,000 ngo-2022. Lokhu kungenxa yokuwohloka komnotho e-China ngo-2022 kanye nokukhuphuka kwentengo eqhubekayo. izinto ezibonakalayo lithium carbonate.Izintengo ezikhuphukayo kanye nokulindela ukusetshenziswa okuvilaphayo.
IManganese ye-lithium battery cathodes: Isidingo somhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi sibe amathani angu-229,000 ngo-2025, okulingana namathani angu-216,000 e-manganese dioxide kanye namathani angu-284,000 e-manganese sulfate.I-Manganese esetshenziswa njengempahla ye-cathode yamabhethri e-lithium ihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi i-manganese yamabhethri e-ternary kanye ne-manganese yamabhethri e-lithium manganeti.Ngokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwebhethri le-ternary yamandla esikhathini esizayo, silinganisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-manganese emhlabeni jikelele kumabhethri e-ternary yamandla kuzokhuphuka ukusuka ku-61,000 kuye ku-61,000 ngo-22-25.amathani anda afinyelela kumathani angama-92,000, futhi isidingo esihambelanayo se-manganese sulfate senyuke sisuka kumathani ayi-186,000 saya kumathani angama-284,000 (umthombo we-manganese we-cathode material yebhethri le-ternary yi-manganese sulfate);eqhutshwa ukukhula kwesidingo sezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili, ngokusho kwe-Xinchen Information kanye ne-Boshi Ngokusho kwe-high-tech prospectus, ukuthunyelwa kwe-lithium manganate cathode emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuba kube amathani angu-224,000 eminyakeni engu-25, okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-manganese amathani angu-136,000, kanye nesidingo esihambisanayo se-manganese dioxide samathani angu-216,000 (umthombo we-manganese we-lithium manganate cathode impahla yi-manganese dioxide).
Imithombo yeManganese inezinzuzo zezinsiza ezinothile, amanani aphansi, namafasitela kagesi aphezulu wezinto ezisekelwe kumanganese.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka kanye nenqubo yabo yezimboni ikhula ngesivinini, amafekthri amabhethri afana ne-Tesla, BYD, CATL, ne-Guoxuan High-tech aseqalile ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlobene ne-cathode ezisekelwe ku-manganese.Ukukhiqiza.
Inqubo yezimboni ye-lithium iron manganese phosphate kulindeleke ukuthi isheshiswe.I-1) Ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo ze-lithium iron phosphate namabhethri e-ternary, inokubili ukuphepha kanye nokuminyana kwamandla.Ngokusho kwe-Shanghai Nonferrous Network, i-lithium iron manganese phosphate inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-lithium iron phosphate.Ukwengeza into ye-manganese kungakhuphula umthamo webhethri.Ukuminyana kwayo kwamandla okucatshangelwayo kuphakeme ngo-15% kunaleyo ye-lithium iron phosphate, futhi inokuqina kwezinto ezibonakalayo.Ithani elilodwa le-iron manganese phosphate Okuqukethwe kwe-lithium manganese kungu-13%.2) Inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe: Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwesici se-manganese, amabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate anezinkinga ezifana nokungahambi kahle kahle kanye nempilo yomjikelezo encishisiwe, engathuthukiswa nge-particle nanotechnology, i-morphology design, i-ion doping kanye ne-surface coating.3) Ukusheshisa inqubo yezimboni: Izinkampani zebhethri ezifana ne-CATL, i-China Innovation Aviation, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech, i-Sunwoda, njll. zonke zikhiqize amabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate;izinkampani ze-cathode ezifana ne-Defang Nano, i-Rongbai Technology, i-Dangsheng Technology, njll. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ze-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode;inkampani yezimoto i-Niu GOVAF0 uchungechunge lwezimoto zikagesi zifakwe amabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate, i-NIO isiqalile ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwamabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate e-Hefei, kanti ibhethri le-BYD likaFudi seliqalile ukuthenga i-lithium iron manganese phosphate Materials: Tesla's domestic Model 3 facelift. isebenzisa ibhethri elisha le-CATL le-M3P lithium iron phosphate.
I-Manganese ye-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode: Ngaphansi kokucabangela okungathathi hlangothi nethemba, isidingo somhlaba wonke se-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode kulindeleke ukuthi sibe amathani angu-268,000/358,000 eminyakeni engu-25, kanti isidingo se-manganese esihambisanayo singamathani angu-35,000/47,000.
Ngokwesibikezelo seGaogong Lithium Battery, ngo-2025, izinga lokungena emakethe lezinto ze-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathode lizodlula u-15% uma liqhathaniswa nezinto ze-lithium iron phosphate.Ngakho-ke, kucatshangelwa izimo ezingathathi hlangothi nethemba, amazinga okungena e-lithium iron manganese phosphate eminyakeni engama-23-25 ngokulandelana kwawo 4%/9%/15%, 5%/11%/20%.Imakethe yezimoto ezinamasondo amabili: Silindele amabhethri e-lithium iron manganese phosphate ukuthi asheshise ukungena emakethe yezimoto zikagesi zaseChina ezinamasondo amabili.Amazwe aphesheya ngeke acatshangelwe ngenxa yokungazweli kwezindleko kanye nezidingo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu.Kulindeleke ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathathi hlangothi nethemba eminyakeni engu-25, i-lithium iron manganese phosphate izoba Isidingo sama-cathode singamathani angu-1.1/15,000, futhi isidingo esihambisanayo se-manganese singamathani ayizigidi ezingu-0.1/0.2.Imakethe yezimoto zikagesi: Ngokucabanga ukuthi i-lithium iron manganese phosphate ingena esikhundleni ngokuphelele i-lithium iron phosphate futhi isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa namabhethri e-ternary (ngokwengxenye yemikhiqizo ehlobene ye-Rongbai Technology, sicabanga ukuthi isilinganiso se-doping si-10%), kulindeleke ukuthi ukungathathi hlangothi futhi Ngaphansi kwezimo zethemba, isidingo se-lithium iron manganese phosphate cathodes singamathani angu-257,000/343,000, kanti isidingo se-manganese esihambisanayo singamathani angu-33,000/45,000.
Njengamanje, amanani entengo ye-manganese ore, i-manganese sulfate, ne-electrolytic manganese asezingeni eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni, futhi intengo ye-manganese dioxide isezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu emlandweni.Ngo-2021, ngenxa yokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukabili kanye nokushoda kukagesi, le nhlangano imise ukukhiqiza ngokuhlanganyela, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-electrolytic manganese kwehle, futhi amanani enyuke kakhulu, okuqhubekisele phambili amanani e-manganese ore, manganese sulfate, kanye ne-electrolytic manganese.Ngemuva kuka-2022, isidingo esingezansi sehlile, futhi intengo ye-electrolytic manganese yehlile, kuyilapho intengo ye-electrolytic manganese dioxide yehlile.Ku-manganese, i-manganese sulfate, njll., ngenxa ye-boom eqhubekayo yamabhethri e-lithium angezansi komfula, ukulungiswa kwentengo akubalulekile.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isidingo esingezansi komfula ikakhulukazi nge-manganese sulfate kanye ne-manganese dioxide emabhethri.Ngokuhlomula umthamo owenyukile wezinto zokwakha ze-cathode ezisekelwe ku-manganese, isikhungo samanani kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke.