I-Boron carbide iyikristalu emnyama ene-metallic luster, eyaziwa nangokuthi idayimane elimnyama, okuyingxenye yezinto ezingaphili ezingezona ezensimbi.Njengamanje, wonke umuntu ujwayelene nempahla ye-boron carbide, okungenzeka kube ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezikhali ze-bulletproof, ngoba inobukhulu obuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezinto zobumba, inezinzuzo ze-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka nokuqina okuphezulu, futhi ingafinyelela ukusetshenziswa okuhle. Ukuqhekeka okuncane ukuze umunce ama-projectiles.Umphumela wamandla, ngenkathi ugcina umthwalo uphansi ngangokunokwenzeka.Kodwa empeleni, i-boron carbide inezinye izinto eziningi eziyingqayizivele, ezingayenza ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile kuma-abrasives, izinto eziphikisayo, imboni yenuzi, i-aerospace kanye nezinye izinkambu.
Izakhiwo zei-boron carbide
Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zomzimba, ubulukhuni be-boron carbide kuphela ngemva kwedayimane ne-cubic boron nitride, futhi isengakwazi ukugcina amandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, angasetshenziswa njengento efanelekile yokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu;ukuminyana kwe-boron carbide kuncane kakhulu (ukuminyana kwethiyori kungama-2.52 g/ cm3 kuphela), alula kunezinto ezijwayelekile zobumba, futhi angasetshenziswa emkhakheni we-aerospace;I-boron carbide inekhono eliqinile lokumunca i-neutron, ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa, nendawo yokuncibilika engu-2450 ° C, ngakho isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yenuzi.Ikhono lokumunca i-neutron ye-neutron lingathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokungeza izakhi B;izinto ze-boron carbide ezine-morphology ethile kanye nesakhiwo nazo zinezakhiwo ezikhethekile ze-photoelectric;ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boron carbide inezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika, i-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu, i-coefficient ephansi yokwandisa futhi enhle Lezi zinzuzo ziyenza ibe yinto engaba khona yokusetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi efana ne-metallurgy, imboni yamakhemikhali, imishini, i-aerospace kanye nemboni yezempi.Isibonelo, izingxenye ezimelana nokugqwala nezingagugi, ezenza izikhali ezingangenwa izinhlamvu, izinduku zokulawula i-reactor nezinto zikagesi we-thermoelectric, njll.
Mayelana nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, i-boron carbide ayisabelani nama-acids, ama-alkali kanye nezinhlanganisela eziningi ezingaphili ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi ayihlangani neze nomoya-mpilo kanye namagesi e-halogen ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali zizinzile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boron carbide powder yenziwa isebenze yi-halogen njenge-ejenti ebhokayo yensimbi, futhi i-boron ifakwa ebusweni bensimbi ukuze yakhe ifilimu ye-iron boride, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise amandla nokugqoka kokumelana kwezinto, futhi izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali zinhle kakhulu.
Sonke siyazi ukuthi imvelo yezinto ezibonakalayo inquma ukusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho i-boron carbide powder inokusebenza okuvelele?Onjiniyela besikhungo se-R&D seI-UrbanMines Tech.I-Co., Ltd. yenze isifinyezo esilandelayo.
Isicelo sei-boron carbide
1. I-Boron carbide isetshenziswa njenge-abrasive yokupholisha
Ukufakwa kwe-boron carbide njenge-abrasive kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukugaya nokupholishwa kwesafire.Phakathi kwezinto ezinzima kakhulu, ubulukhuni be-boron carbide bungcono kunobe-aluminium oxide ne-silicon carbide, okwesibili ngemuva kwedayimane ne-cubic boron nitride.I-Sapphire iwumsebenzi ofaneleka kakhulu we-substrate we-semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diode (ama-LED), amasekethe amakhulu ahlanganisiwe e-SOI ne-SOS, namafilimu e-superconducting nanostructure.Ubushelelezi bendawo buphezulu kakhulu futhi kufanele bushelelezi kakhulu Abukho izinga lomonakalo.Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu nobulukhuni obuphezulu bekristalu yesafire (Mohs hardness 9), ilethe ubunzima obukhulu ekucubunguleni amabhizinisi.
Ngokombono wezinto zokwakha nokugaya, izinto ezihamba phambili zokucubungula nokugaya amakristalu esafire yidayimane lokwenziwa, i-boron carbide, i-silicon carbide, ne-silicon dioxide.Ukuqina kwedayimane lokwenziwa kuphezulu kakhulu (ukuqina kwe-Mohs 10) uma ugaya isicwecwana sesafire, sizonwaya phezulu, sithinte ukukhanya kwe-wafer, futhi intengo iyabiza;ngemva kokusika i-silicon carbide, i-RA ivame ukuba phezulu futhi flatness impofu;Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kwe-silica akwanele (ubunzima be-Mohs 7), futhi amandla okugaya ampofu, okudla isikhathi futhi asebenza kanzima ekugayeni.Ngakho-ke, i-boron carbide abrasive (i-Mohs hardness 9.3) isiphenduke into ekahle kakhulu yokucubungula nokugaya amakristalu esafire, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu ekugayweni okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kwama-wafers wesafire kanye nokunciphisa ingemuva nokupholishwa kwama-wafers e-LED epitaxial asekelwe ngesafire.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi uma i-boron carbide ingaphezu kuka-600 ° C, ubuso buzofakwa i-oxidized ibe yifilimu ye-B2O3, ezoyithambisa ngezinga elithile, ngakho-ke ayifanele ukugaya okomile ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-abrasive, kufanelekile kuphela. ukupholisha ukugaya uketshezi.Kodwa-ke, lesi sakhiwo sivimbela i-B4C ukuthi iphinde ifakwe i-oxidized, iyenze ibe nezinzuzo ezihlukile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto eziphikisayo.
2. Isicelo ezintweni eziphikisayo
I-Boron carbide inezici ze-anti-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.Ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengezinto eziphikisayo ezinokwakheka okuthuthukile nezingabunjwanga futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene yensimbi, njengezitofu zensimbi nefenisha yomlilo.
Ngezidingo zokonga amandla kanye nokwehliswa kokusetshenziswa embonini yensimbi nensimbi kanye nokuncibilikiswa kwensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi kanye nensimbi ye-ultra-low carbon, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezitini ze-carbon magnesia-carbon carbon (ngokuvamile <8% okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni) ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kudonse ukunakwa okwengeziwe okuvela ezimbonini zasekhaya nezangaphandle.Njengamanje, ukusebenza kwezitini ze-carbon magnesia-carbon ephansi kuvamise ukwenziwa ngcono ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwekhabhoni eboshiwe, ukwenza kahle ukwakheka kwe-matrix yezitini ze-magnesia-carbon, kanye nokwengeza ama-antioxidants asebenza kahle kakhulu.Phakathi kwazo, kusetshenziswa ikhabhoni eyi-graphitized eyakhiwe nge-industrial-grade boron carbide kanye nengxenye ye-graphitized carbon black isetshenziswa.Impushana ehlanganisiwe emnyama, esetshenziswa njengomthombo wekhabhoni kanye ne-antioxidant yezitini ze-low-carbon magnesia-carbon, izuze imiphumela emihle.
Njengoba i-boron carbide izothambisa ngezinga elithile ekushiseni okuphezulu, ingaxhunywa ebusweni bezinye izinhlayiya zezinto ezibonakalayo.Ngisho noma umkhiqizo uminyene, ifilimu ye-oxide ye-B2O3 engaphezulu ingakha isivikelo esithile futhi idlale indima ephikisana ne-oxidation.Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokuthi amakristalu ekholomu akhiqizwa ukusabela asatshalaliswa ku-matrix kanye nezikhala zezinto eziphikisayo, i-porosity iyancishiswa, amandla okushisa aphakathi ayathuthukiswa, futhi umthamo wamakristalu akhiqiziwe uyakhula, ongapholisa ivolumu. shwabanisa futhi unciphise imifantu.
3. Izinto ezingangenwa izinhlamvu ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuvikela kwezwe
Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, amandla adonsela phansi amancane athile, kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokumelana ne-ballistic, i-boron carbide ihambisana ikakhulukazi nokuthambekela kwezinto ezivikela izinhlamvu ezingasindi.Iwumsebenzi ongcono kakhulu ovikela izinhlamvu zokuvikela izindiza, izimoto, izikhali, nemizimba yabantu;okwamanje,Amanye amazwebaye bahlongoza ucwaningo lwezikhali ezilwa ne-boron carbide ezibiza kancane ezilwa ne-ballistic, okuhloswe ngalo ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezikhali ze-boron carbide ezilwa ne-ballistic embonini yezokuvikela.
4. Isicelo embonini yenuzi
I-Boron carbide ine-cross-section yokumunca i-neutron ephezulu kanye ne-spectrum yamandla e-neutron ebanzi, futhi yaziwa emhlabeni jikelele njengesimunca i-neutron esingcono kakhulu embonini yenuzi.Phakathi kwazo, ingxenye eshisayo ye-boron-10 isotope iphakeme njenge-347 × 10-24 cm2, isibili kuphela ezintweni ezimbalwa ezifana ne-gadolinium, i-samarium, ne-cadmium, futhi iyisidonsa esishisayo se-neutron.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boron carbide inothile ngezinsiza, imelana nokugqwala, ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa, ayikhiqizi ama-isotopes anemisebe, futhi inamandla aphansi emisebe, ngakho-ke i-boron carbide isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zokulawula nezinto ezivikelayo kuma-reactors enuzi.
Isibonelo, embonini yenuzi, i-reactor epholile ngegesi epholile isebenzisa isistimu yokuvala amabhola emunca i-boron njengohlelo lwesibili lokuvala shaqa.Esimeni sengozi, lapho uhlelo lokuqala lokuvala shaqa luhluleka, uhlelo lwesibili lokuvala shaqa lisebenzisa inani elikhulu lamapellets e-boron carbide Ukuwa mahhala kumzila we-reflesive layer ye-reactor core, njll., ukuvala i-reactor futhi ibone amakhaza. ukuvala shaqa, lapho ibhola elimuncayo kuyibhola legraphite eliqukethe i-boron carbide.Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-boron carbide core endaweni yokushisa ephezulu epholile igesi ukulawula amandla nokuphepha kwe-reactor.Isitini sekhabhoni sifakwe nge-boron carbide neutron absorbing material, enganciphisa i-neutron irradiation yomkhumbi we-reactor pressure.
Njengamanje, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zama-reactors enuzi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa lezi zinto ezilandelayo: i-boron carbide (izinduku zokulawula, izinduku zokuzivikela), i-boric acid (i-moderator, i-coolant), insimbi ye-boron (izinduku zokulawula nezinto zokugcina uphethiloli wenuzi nemfucuza yenuzi), i-boron Europium. (impahla yobuthi evuthayo), njll.